Flora
In
hot regions with permanent precipitation, jungles flourish with high
trees and green foliage. Vines and epifits
abound -- plants that live within other plants. Moreover, there is another
level of vegetation in the jungle floor with a high level of density
of plants.
In
more humid regions, like the jungles of Choco, the Amazon, the Catatumbo,
the Central Valley of the Magdalena, and the low regions of the mountain
ranges, the vegetation is exuberant, with a rich variety of species
of wood, palm, rubber, and balsam trees.
In
the coastal regions with salty waters, mangroves grow. Mangroves are
special regions created by trees accustomed to both the fresh and salt
waters. You can find mangroves on the coast that borders the planes
of the Pacific in the Gulf of Uraba, in the Cienaga Grande of Santa
Marta, and to the south of the Bay of Barbacoas.
In
regions where the climate is semi-humid, there are two seasons: the
dry and rainy seasons (like in the Plains of the Caribbean and Oriental
Plains).The vegetation of these zones stands out for its different grasses
with spread out trees that don't grow very tall and bushes that grow
in thickets from 1 - 2 meters tall. In the Oriental Plains, there's
also forests of Galeria that grow near the rivers, with the same aspect
of a humid jungle. These forests are populated by big trees of a variety
of species: among them the Morche Palms that grow in the high places
where the conditions of humidity in the soil are favorable.
In
the dry plains, the flora is comprised of desert-like vegetation (small
trees, bushes with hard and rigid leaves, grasses, and many other legumes
that adapt to the dryness). In this zone spiny plants and cacti abound
that form small forests. This type of vegetation is found near the Caribbean,
from the Gulf of Morrosquillo to the Guajira, in the Chicamocha, Dagua,
Patia, and Magdalena River Basins, and this type of vegetation dominates
the Valley of Tristezas and the plateaus of Mercaderes and Entre Rios.
Between
the warm and cold steppes, you can enjoy a sub Andean forest, characterized
by the great variety of species however fewer in number than found in
the tropics. In these areas, the natural forests have been replaced
by coffee crops, especially in the Western and Central Mountain Ranges.
In lands of higher altitude (between 2.400 and 3.600 meters) you will
find the Forest of Fog characterized by a high number of species of
smaller trees. These trees have a high number of branches and are filled
with aerial plants. This type of vegetation is found in the mountains
exposed to high amounts of precipitation where there are zones with
high levels of condensation.
Above
tree line, the typical vegetation is the frailejón,
small bushes and grainy plants, since they are varieties that have adapted
to low temperatures, rains, and cold winds.
Fauna
The
bio diversity of Colombian fauna is enormous. For example, there are
1300 species of mammals, 1800 species of birds and more than 35000 species
of insects. This doesn't include the variety of amphibians, fish, and
the abundance of marine fauna in Colombian seas.
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History
COLOMBIA
TRAVEL
Environment
Colombia
has the highest number of plant and animal species per area in all of
the planet. There are more than 1800 bird species (more than the sum
of birds of North America and Europe combined). The bird species vary
from the condor of the Andes to the smallest of hummingbirds. And Colombian
botanists have classified more than 130,000 plant species. 
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